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- C - Consulate
- C&F - Cost and Freight
- C&F Named Port - Cost and freight. All costs of goods and
transportation to the named port are included in the price quoted.
Buyer pays insurance while aboard ship up to overseas inland destination.
- C. - Collected, Currency, Coupon, Coast
- C. & D. - Collected and delivered
- c. & f. - Cost and freight
- c. & i. - Cost and insurance
- C. &/or J. - China and/or Japan
- C.&I. - Cost and insurance
- C.A.C.T.L.V.O. - Compromised &/or arranged &/or constructive
total loss of vessel only
- C.A.D. - Cash against documents
- C.B. & H. - Continent between Bordeaux and Hamburg
- C.B.I. - Confederation of British Industry
- C.C. - Current cost, Civil commotions, Cancellation clause,
Continuation clause
- C.C.I.S.G. - Convention Contracts of International Sale of
Goods
- C.C.S.A. - Collective company signing agreement
- C.D. - Country damage
- C.D.V. - Current domestic value
- c.f. - Cubic feet. Carried forward
- c.f.i. - Cost, freight and insurance
- C.f.o. - Channel for orders. Coast for orders. Calling for
orders
- C.F.R. - Code of Federal Regulations (USA)
- C.G.A. - Cargo's proportion of general average
- C.G.S.A. - Carriage of Goods by Sea Act
- C.H. & H. - Continent between Havre and Hamburg
- C.I. - Consular Invoice
- C.I.E. - Captain's imperfect entry (Customs). - c.i.f. - Cost,
insurance and freight
- c.i.f. & e. - Cost, insurance, freight and exchange
- c.i.f.c.i. - Cost, insurance, freight, commission and interest
- c.i.f.L.t. - Cost, insurance, and freight London terms
- C.I.I. - Chartered Insurance Institute
- C.K.D. - Completely knocked down
- C.O.B. - Cargo on board
- C.O.D. - Cash on delivery
- C.P.A. - Claims payable abroad
- c.p.d. - Charterers' pay dues
- C.P.P. - Controllable Pitch Propellers
- C.R. - Current rate, Company's risk, Carrier's risk
- C.R.O. - Cancelling returns only
- C.S.D. - Closed shelter deck
- C.S.T. - Central standard time
- c.t.l. - Constructive total loss
- c.t.l.o. - Constructive total loss only
- c.v. - Chief value
- C.W. - Commercial weight
- C/- - Case
- C/D - Commercial dock. Consular declaration
- c/i - Certificate of insurance
- C/L - Craft loss
- C/N - Consignment note. Cover note. Credit note
- C/O - Certificate of origin. Cash order. Case oil
- C/P - Charter Party, Custom of Port (grain trade)
- c/s - Cases
- CABEE - Consortia of American Businesses in Eastern Europe
- CABEI - Central American Bank for Economic Integration
- Cable Address - A code word of less than 10 letters, registered
annually with the Central Bureau of Registered Addresses, used
in lieu of the entire name and address of a firm receiving or
sending cablegrams in order to reduce the number of words required
in a cablegram.
- CABNIS - Consortia of American Businesses in the Newly Independent,
States
- Cabotage - A law which requires coastal and intercoastal traffic
to be carried by vessels belonging to the country owning the coast.
- CAC - Codex Alimentarius Commission
- CACM - Central American Common Market
- CAD - Cash Against Documents
- CAD/CAM - Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing
- CAEU - Council of Economic Arab Unity
- CAF - Corporacion Andina de Fomento
- Cairns Group - The Cairns Group, established in August 1986
in Cairns, Australia, is an informal association of agricultural
exporting countries. Members include: Argentina, Australia, Brazil,
Canada, Chile, Colombia, Fiji, Hungary, Indonesia, Malaysia, New
Zealand, Philippines, Thailand, and Uruguay. The Group seeks to
reduce export subsidies and internal support measures and to bring
about other reforms to international agricultural trade. The Cairns
Group countries account for one third of world farm exports.
- Caisse Centrale de Cooperation Economique - The CCCE, a specialized
financial institution, is the lead agency in the French Ministry
of Cooperation and Development in providing funds for aid and
cooperation. The Caisse provides support for development and technical
assistance in developing countries, particularly in supporting
economic and social development in Africa and in various countries
on the Indian Ocean, the Caribbean and the South Pacific, and
in overseas French departments and territories where it supports
productive private and public investment. The Caisse was created
in December 1941; headquarters are in Paris, France.
- call sign - Sequence of letters and numbers, unique to each
ship, that identify the ship.
- Calvo Doctrine - The Calvo Doctrine (or principle) holds that
jurisdiction in international investment disputes lies with the
country in which the investment is located; thus, the investor
has no recourse but to use the local courts. The principle, named
after an Argentinean jurist, has been applied throughout Latin
America and other areas of the world.
- Canadian Commercial Corporation - By serving as the prime contractor
in government-to-government sales transactions, the CCC facilitates
exports of a wide range of goods and services from Canadian sources.
In response to requests from foreign governments and international
agencies for individual products or services, CCC identifies Canadian
firms capable of meeting the customer's requirements, executes
prime as well as back-to-back contracts, and follows through with
contract management, inspection, acceptance, and payment.
- Canadian International Development Agency - CIDA (French: Agence
Canadienne de Developpement International) is Canada's official
agency which has the task of supporting sustainable development
in developing countries. The Agency was established in 1968; headquarters
are in Hull, Quebec.
- Canc. - Cancelled
- cancl. - Cancelling
- cap - Capacity
- CAP - Common Agricultural Policy, Country Action Plan
- Capital Account - See: Balance of Payments.
- Capital Development Initiative - The CDI, administered by the
U.S. Agency for International Development, encourages infrastructure
investment in countries in central and Eastern Europe. The CDI
provides financial and technical services and assists U.S. businesses
by providing up to 50 percent of estimated development work and
feasibility study costs for proposed projects in energy, telecommunications,
and the environment.
- CAR - Commercial Activity Report
- cargo - Goods carried in or on a ship
- Cargo Selectivity System - The Cargo Selectivity System, a
part of Customs' Automated Commercial System, specifies the type
of examination (intensive or general) to be conducted for imported
merchandise. The type of examination is based on database selectivity
criteria such as assessments of risk by filer, consignee, tariff
number, country of origin, and manufacturer/shipper. A first time
consignee is always selected for an intensive examination. An
alert is also generated in cargo selectivity the first time a
consignee files an entry in a port with a particular tariff number,
country of origin, or manufacturer/shipper.
- Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act - The CBERA affords nonreciprocal
tariff preferences to developing countries in the Caribbean Basin
area to aid their economic development and to diversity and expand
their production and exports. The CBERA applies to merchandise
entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after
January 1, 1984. This tariff preference program has no expiration
date.
- Caribbean Basin Initiative - The CBI is an inter-American program
to increase economic aid and trade preferences for 28 states of
the Caribbean region. The Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act
of 1983 provided for 12 years of duty-free treatment of most goods
produced in the Caribbean region. The Initiative was extended
permanently (CBI II), by the Customs and Trade Act of August 1990.
The 23 countries which are currently eligible for CBI beneifts
include Antigua and Barbuda, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, the
British Virgin Islands, Costa Rica, Dominica, the Dominican Republic,
El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Montserrat,
the Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, St. Christopher-Nevis,
St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago.
The following countries may be eligible for CBI benefits but have
not formally requested designation: Anguilla, Cayman Islands,
Suriname, and the Turks and Caicos Islands.
- Caribbean Common Market - CARICOM includes 13 English-speaking
Caribbean nations: Antigua and Barbuda, the Bahamas, Barbados,
Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Montserrat, St. Kitts-Nevis,
St. Lucia, St. Vincent/Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago). CARICOM
was established in 1973; headquarters are in Georgetown, Guyana.
- Caribbean Development Bank - The CDB promotes economic development
and cooperation by providing long-term financing for productive
projects in CARICOM member countries and U.K.-dependent territories
in the Caribbean. Members include: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda,
the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Canada,
Cayman Islands, Dominica, France, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico,
Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent
and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands,
the United Kingdom, and Venezuela. The Bank was established in
1969; headquarters are in St. Michael, Barbados, West Indies.
Beginning in 1977, the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)
may make loans through the CDB to all CDB members, regardless
of whether those countries are members of the IADB. See: Inter-American
Development Bank.
- Caribbean/Central America Business Advisory Service - The BAS
helps entrepreneurs in the Caribbean and in Central America to
develop project ideas into investment proposals and to obtain
long-term finance for them. The Service does not lend or invest,
but does provide advice and assistance in project structuring,
identification of technical and marketing partners, project appraisal,
and identification of financing resources. BAS operates under
the auspices of the United Nations Development Program and is
managed by the World Bank's International Finance Corporation.
BAS was established in 1981 as the Caribbean Business Advisory
Service (CBAS). The BAS 1989 expansion to Central America extended
its operations to all CBI beneficiary countries. see: Caribbean
Basin Initiative.
- CARICCM - Caribbean Common Market
- CARICOM - Caribbean Common Market
- CARICOM - Caribbean Community
- Carnets - Customs documents permitting the holder to carry
or send sample merchandise temporarily into certain foreign countries
without paying duties or posting bonds. Foreign customs regulations
vary widely; in some countries, duties and extensive customs procedures
on sample products may be avoided by obtaining an ATA Carnet.
The ATA Carnet is a standardized international customs document
used to obtain duty-free temporary admission of certain goods
into the countries that are signatories to the ATA Convention.
Under the ATA Convention, commercial and professional travelers
may take commercial samples; tools of the trade; advertising material;
and cinematographic, audiovisual, medical, scientific, or other
professional equipment into member countries temporarily without
paying customs duties and taxes or posting a bodn at the border
of each country visited. The carnets are generally valid for 12
months. Telephone: 1-800-CARNETS.
- Carriage Paid To - Carriage paid to (CPT) and carriage and
insurance paid to (CIP) a named place of destination. Used in
place of CFR and CIF, respectively for shipment by modes other
than water.
- Cartagena Agreement - See: Andean Pact.
- Cartagena Group - See: Group of Eleven.
- Cartel - An organization of independent producers formed to
regulate the production, pricing, or marketing practices of its
members in order to limit competition and maximize their market
power.
- CASE - Council of American States in Europe
- Cash Against Documents - A term denoting that payment is made
when the bill of lading is presented.
- Cash Against Documents (C.A.D.) - A method of payment for goods
in which documents transferring title are given to the buyer upon
payment of cash to an intermediary acting for the seller, usually
a commission house.
- Cash In Advance (C.I.A.) - A method of payment for goods in
which the buyer pays the seller in advance of the shipment of
the goods. Usually employed when the goods are built to order,
such as specialized machinery.
- Cash With Order - CWO is a means of payment in which the buyer
pays cash when ordering; the order is binding on both seller and
buyer.
- Cash With Order (C.W.O.) - A method of payment for goods in
which cash is paid at the time of order and the transaction becomes
binding on both buyer and seller.
- Catalog Exhibitions - These promotions are low-cost exhibits
of U.S. firms' catalogs and videos which offer small, less-experienced
companies an opportunity to test overseas markets for their products
without travel. The International Trade Administration promotes
exhibitions, provides staff fluent in the local language to answer
questions, and forwards all trade leads to participating firms.
- Category Groups - Groupings of controlled products.See: Export
Control Classification Number.
- CBD - Commerce Business Daily
- CBERA - Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act
- CBI - Caribbean Basin Initiative
- CBM - Conventional buoy mooring
- CBW - Chemical and Biological Weapons
- CCA - Chambre de Cooperation de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
- CCC - Canadian Commercial Corporation, Commodity Credit Corporation,
Customs Cooperation Council
- CCC - Customs Co-operation Council
- CCCE - Caisse Centrale de Cooperation Economique
- CCCN - Customs Co-operation Council Nomenclature
- CCCN - Customs Cooperation Council Nomenclature
- CCD - Conseil de Cooperation Douaniere
- CCF - CoCom Cooperation Forum
- CCFF - Compensatory and Contingency Financing Facility
- CCIR - Comite Consultatif International des Radiocommunications
- CCITT - Comite Consultatif International Telegraphique et,
Telephonique
- CCITT - Consultative Committee for International Telephone
and, Telegraphy
- CCL - Commerce Control List;, formerly: - Commodity Control
List
- CCNAA - Coordination Council for North American Affairs
- CCNAA - Coordination Council for North American Affairs
- ccy - Convertible currency
- CD-ROM - Compact Disc-Read Only Memory
- CDB - Caribbean Development Bank
- CDC - Commonwealth Development Corporation
- CDI - Capital Development Initiative
- CDT - Center for Defense Trade
- CE - Committee of Experts, Communautes Europeenes, Conformite
Europeene, Council of Europe
- CEA - Chinese Economic Area, Council of Economic Advisors
- CEA - Communaute Economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
- CEE - Commission Economique pour l'Europe
- CEEAC - Communaute Economique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale
- CEEB - Customs Electronic Bulletin Board
- CEFTA - Central Europe Free Trade Association
- CEN - European Committee for Standardization
- CENELEC - European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
- Census Interface System - The Census Interface System, a part
of Customs' Automated Commercial System, includes edits and validations
provided by the Bureau of the Census to allow for the accurate
and timely collection and submission of entry summary data. Census
Interface is accomplished through Automated Broker Interface entry
summary transmissions.
- Center for Defense Trade - In 1990, the Center for Defense
Trade, CDT, was created within the Bureau of Politico-Military
Affairs (PM) at the Department of State. CDT was established with
the purpose of improving the Department of State's export licensing
services. CDT also has responsibility for clarifying all defense
trade policy guidelines. The Center includes two offices: - The
Office of Defense Trade Controls (DTC) which administers controls
on permanent exports and temporary imports of defense articles
and technology covered by the U.S. Munitions List (USML) and performs
USML export license review and compliance functions. - The Office
of Defense Trade Policy (DTP) which seeks to support the efforts
of the U.S. defense industry to sell products overseas. DTP provides
policy guidance to licensing officers, in support of their efforts
to implement the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR)
and provides advice on technology transfer and strategic trade
issues.
- Center for International Research - CIR analyzes and forecasts
world demographic trends and economic developments in selected
countries, based on current statistics obtained through international
agreements. The center, which is a component of the Commerce Department's
Bureau of the Census, conducts research with funds from government
and private business sponsors. See: International Data Base.
- Center for Trade and Investment Services - CTIS, established
in September 1992, promotes increased participation of U.S. businesses
in generating economic development in lesser developed countries
which receive assistance from the Agency for International Development.
Telephone: 1-800-USAID-4-U.
- Central African Customs and Economic Union - The Central African
Customs and Economic Union (French: Union Douaniere et Economique
de l'Afrique Centrale, UDEAC) created in 1966 (revised 1974) to
promote establishment of a Central African Common Market with
a common external tariff. Members include: the Cameroon, Central
African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon. The
Union's headquarters are in Bangui, Central African Republic.
- Central African States Development Bank - The Central Africa
States Development Bank (French: Banque de Developpement des Etats
de l'Afrique Centrale, BDEAC) was created in December 1975 (began
operations in January 1977) to provide loans for economic development
and to support integration projects. Members include: the Cameroon,
Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and
Gabon. Bank headquarters are in Brazzaville, Congo.
- Central American Bank for Economic Integration - CABEI (Spanish:
Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico, BCIE) was established
in 1960 (began operations in September 1961) to promote economic
integration and development. The Bank is an institution of the
Central American Common Market. Bank members include: Costa Rica,
El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. CABEI is associated
with the Central American Common Market; bank headquarters are
in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. See: Central American Common Market.
- Central American Common Market - A first effort to establish
a Central American Common Market, CACM (Spanish: Mercado Com£n
Centroamericano, MCCA) was attempted in 1960 under the auspeices
of the Organiztion of Central American States (OCAS). A restructuring
was started in 1973. Members include Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador,
Nicaragua and Costa Rica. The common market will cover all products
traded within the region by the end of 1992. A second step toward
regional integration will be the establishment of a common external
tariff. CACM is associated with the Central American Bank for
Economic Integration; headquarters are in Guatemala City, Guatemala.
See: Central American Bank for Economic Integration.
- Central Europe Free Trade Association - CEFTA is a trade agreement
among the "Visegrad" countries -- Poland, the Czech
Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary -- that is somewhat parallel to
the European Free Trade Association.
- Centre Europeen de Recherche Nucleaire - CERN (English: European
Center for Nuclear Reseach) is a huge lab used by international
collaborators to do frontier work in nuclear and particle physics.
The Center, created after World War II and open to physicists
from all countries, is funded by countries according to their
abilities. The Center is located outside Genvea, partly in Switzerland
and partly in France.
- Centre Francais du Commerce Exterieur - See: Direction des
Relations Economiques Exterieures.
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical - See: Consultative
Group on International Agricultural Research.
- CEPAL - Comision Economica para America Latina y el Caribe
- CEPGL - Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs
- CEPT - Conference Europeenne des Administrations des Postes
et, des Telecommunications
- CERN - Centre Europeen de Recherche Nucleaire
- Certificate of Delivery - See: Delivery Verification Certificate.
- Certificate of Inspection - A document certifying that merchandise
(such as perishable goods) was in good condition immediately prior
to shipment. Pre-shipment inspection is a requirement for importation
of goods into many developing countries.
- Certificate of Manufacture - A document (often notarized) in
which a producer of goods certifies that the manufacturing has
been completed and the goods are now at the disposal of the buyer.
- Certificate Of Origin - A certified document as to the origin
of goods, used in foreign commerce.
- Certificate of Origin - Certain nations require a signed statement
as to the origin of the export item. Such certificates are usually
obtained through a semiofficial organization such as a local chamber
of commerce. A certificate may be required even though the commercial
invoice contains the information.
- Certified Trade Fair Program - The Department of Commerce Certified
Trade Fair Program is designed to encourage private organizations
to recruit new-to-market and new-to-export U.S. firms to exhibit
in trade fairs overseas. To receive certification, the organization
must demonstrate: (1) the fair is a leading international trade
event for an industry and (2) the fair organizer is capable of
recruiting U.S. exhibitors and assisting them with freight forwarding,
customs clearance, exhibit design and setup, public relations,
and overall show promotion. The show organizer must agree to assist
new-to-export exhibitors as well as small businesses interested
in exporting. In addition to the services the organizer provides,
the Department of Commerce will: - assign a Washington coordinator;
- operate a business information office, which provides meeting
space, translators, hospitality, and assistance from U.S. exhibitors
and foreign customers; - help contact buyers, agents, distributors,
and other business leads and provide marketing assistance; - provide
a press release on certification.
- Certified Trade Missions - Certified trade missions (formerly
State/Industry Organized, Government Approved trade missions)
are planned and organized by state development agencies, trade
associations, chambers of commerce, and other export-oriented
groups. To qualify for U.S. government sponsorship, organizers
of this type of trade mission must agree to follow International
Trade Administration criteria in planning and recruiting the mission.
ITA offers guidance and assistance from planning through completion
of the mission and coordinates thel, Consulate General
- CGIAR - Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
- Chaebol - Chaebol are Korean conglomerates which are characterized
by strong family control, authoritarian management, and centralized
decision making. Chaebol dominate the Korean economy, growing
out of the takeover of the Japanese monopoly of the Korean economy
following World War II. Korean government tax breaks and financial
incentives emphasizing industrial reconstruction and exports provided
continuing support to the growth of Chaebols during the 1970s
and 1980s. In 1988, the output of the 30 largest chaebol represented
almost 95% of Korea's gross national product.
- Chambre de Cooperation de l'Afrique de l'Ouest - See: West
African Clearing House.
- Charge d'affaires - See: Title and Rank.
- Charter Party - Renting of an entire vessel or part of its
freight space for a particular trip or stipulated period of time.
- CHB - Customhouse Broker
- Chemical Weapons Convention - The CWC prohibits the development,
production, stockpiling, and use of chemical weapons. The Convention
permits monitoring, collection and review of data and on-site
inspections that involve questions of protection of proprietary
rights and confidentiality. The Convention has been signed by
over 160 nations; entry into force is expected in January 1995.
- Chemical/Biological Weapons - The Department of Commerce maintains
foreign policy export controls on certain chemical precursors
and equipment and biological agents and equipment useful in chemical
warfare. Through the Australia Group, AG, the United States cooperates
with other nations in controlling chemical and biological weapons
proliferation. The AG developed a list of 54 precursors useful
for chemical weapons development, along with control on certain
biological organisms and on equipment useful in producing CBW
agents. The AG also provides the forum in which the member countries
share information concerning the activities of non-member countries
where the proliferation of these weapons is of concern, including
entities that are seeking chemical precursors and related items.
- CHG - Charge d'Affaires
- Chinese Economic Area - The CEA is an informal reference to
the economic integration of Southern China with Hong Kong and
Taiwan which has proceded without any "arrangement."
- chq. - Cheque
- CIAT - Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical
- CICA - Confederation Internationale du Credit Agricole
- CIDA - Canadian International Development Agency
- CIF - Cost, Insurance and Freight
- cif - Cost, insurance, freight
- CILSS - Comite Permanent Interetats de Lutte contre la Secheresse,
dans le Sahel
- CIMS - Commercial Information Management System
- CIPs - Commodity Import Programs
- CIR - Center for International Research
- CIS - Commonwealth of Independent States
- CISG - Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of,
Goods
- CIT - Court of International Trade
- CITA - Committee for the Implementation of Textile Agreements
- CITES - Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
in, Wild Fauna and Flora
- CIV - Customs Import Value
- CJ - Commodity Jurisdiction
- Ck. - Cask
- cld. - Cleared
- CLDP - Commercial Law Development Program
- Clean Bill of Lading - A receipt for goods issued by a carrier
with an indication that the goods were received in "apparent
good order and condition," without damages or other irregularities.
- Clean Draft - A draft to which no documents have been attached.
- Clean Float - Clean float refers to a system in which exchange
rates are determined by market forces rather than government intervention
or restrictions. See: Dirty Float.
- Club du Sahel - The Club du Sahel is an informal coalition
which seeks to reverse the effects of drought and the desertification
in the eight Sahelian zone countries: Burkina Faso, Chad, Gambia,
Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, and the Cape Verde Islands.
The Club coordinates plans and financing of aid and sustained
economic development in the region. The Club (sometimes called
"Club des Amis du Sahel"), formed in December 1975,
comprises both donor countries (Austria, Belgium, Canada, France,
the Netherlands, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United
States) and Sahelian zone countries. Headquarters are in Ouagadougou,
Burkina Faso
- CMA - Common Monetary Agreement
- CMEA - Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
- CMP - Country Marketing Plan
- Cmpl. - Completed
- CNUSA - Commercial News USA
- COAP - Cottonseed Oil Assistance Program
- COCOM - Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Control
- COCOM - Coordinating Committee on Multilateral Export Controls
- CoCom - See: Coordinating Committee on Multilateral Export
Controls.
- CoCom Cooperation Forum - The CCF provides a venue for emerging
democracies in Central and Eastern Europe and the of the former
Soviet Union to discuss international export controls and to help
coordinate technical assistance efforts. The Forum, established
in June 1992, held its first meeting in November 1992. At the
close of 1992, 42 nations were CCF participants, including most
states of the former Soviet Union (except Georgia, Tajikistan,
and Turkmenistan) and all of the former Soviet satellites of Eastern
and Central Europe (except the former Yugoslav republics).
- CODEX - Codex Alimentarius Commission
- Codex Alimentarius Commission - As a subsidiary body of the
United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization and the World
Health Organization, CAC (or CODEX) develops food standards and
Recommended International Codes of Hygienic and/or Technological
Practices. Commission standards are voluntary, becoming enforceable
only if accepted as national standards. The Commission also works
in cooperation with Regional Coordinating Committees (Africa,
Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean) in promoting regional
standards activities. The Commission was established in 1962;
headquarters are in Rome, Italy.
- COE - Council of Europe
- COFACE - Compagnie Francaise d'Assurance pour le Commerce Exterieur
- Collection Papers - All documents (invoices, bills of lading,
etc.) submitted to a buyer for the purpose of receiving payment
for a shipment.
- Collections System - The Collections System, a part of Customs'
Automated Commercial System, controls and accounts for the billions
of dollars in payments collected by Customs each year and the
millions in refunds processed each year. Daily statements are
prepared for the automated brokers who select this service. The
Collections System permits electronic payments of the related
duties and taxes through the Automated Clearinghouse capability.
Automated collections also meet the needs of the importing community
through acceptance of electronic funds transfers for deferred
tax bills and receipt of electronic payments from lockbox operations
for Customs bills and fees.
- Colombo Plan - The Colombo Plan was established in 1951 to
promote economic and social development among members in Asia
and the Pacific. Members include: Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh,
Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, Canada, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Iran,
Japan, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Nepal, New Zealand,
Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka,
Thailand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The Plan's
formal name is the Colombo Plan for Cooperative Economic Development
in South and South-East Asia; headquarters are in Colombo, Sri
Lanka.
- Column 1 Rates - The U.S. import tariff rates which have been
established through negotiation, are congressionally approved
and usually bound. These are ''most favored nation'' (MFN) rates,
meaning that they must apply equally to all countries receiving
MFN tariff treatment from the United States, unless superseded
by certain preferential tariff arrangements for developing countries.
- Column 2 Rates - Column 2 rates are statutory established tariff
rates dating back to the 1930s Smoot-Hawley period and are substantially
higher than column I rates. They are currently assessed only on
imports from countries not receiving most favored nation treatment
from the U.S. (e.g., certain communist countries).
- COM - Chief of Mission, Cost of Manufacture
- Com. - Commission
- COMECON - Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
- Comision Economica para America Latiana y el Caribe - See:
United Nations Regional Commissions.
- Comision Economica para America Latina y el Caribe - See: United
Nations Regional Commissions.
- Comision Panamericana de Normas Tecnicas - COPANT (English:
Pan American Standards Commission) coordinates the activities
of all institutes of standardization in the Latin American countries.
The Commission develops all types of product standards, stnadardized
test methods, terminology, and related matters. COPANT headquarters
are in Buenos Aires, Argentina. U.S. contact with COPANT is maintained
through the American National Standards Institute.
- Comite Consultatif International des Radiocommunications -
See: International Radio Consultative Committee.
- Comite Consultatif International Telegraphique et Telephonique
- See: International Telegraphic and Telephone Consultative Committee.
- Comite Permanent Consultatif du Maghreb - The CPCM (English:
Maghreb Permanent Consultative Committee) seeks to improve economic
coordination among Maghreb countries, with eventual expectation
of establishing a Maghreb economic community. Originally established
in October 1964, the committee began operations in February 1966;
its headquarters are in Tunis, Tunisia. See: Maghreb States.
- Comite Permanent Interetats de Lutte contre la Secheresse dan
le Sahel - See: Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control
in the Sahel.
- Commerce Business Daily - CBD is the Commerce Department's
daily newspaper which lists government procurement invitations
and contract awards, including foreign business opportunities
and foreign government procurements.
- Commerce Control List - The CCL includes all items -- commodities,
software, and technical data -- subject to BXA export controls
and incorporates not only the national security controlled items
agreed to by CoCom (the "core" list), but also items
controlled for foreign policy (i.e., biological warfare, nuclear
proliferation, missile technology, regional stability, and crime
control) and short supply. The list is divided into 10 general
categories: (1) materials, (2) materials processing, (3) electronics,
(4) computers, (5) telecommunications and cryptography, (6) sensors,
(7) avionics and navigation, (8) marine technology, (9) propulsion
systems and transportation equipment, and (10) miscellaneous.
- Commercial Activity Report - The Commercial Activity Report,
CAR, is prepared annually by the economic and commercial sections
of the U.S. Embassies covering over 100 countries where the Department
of Commerce is not represented. The CAR assesses the country's
political, economic, and business activities, and market potential
and strategies for increasing U.S. sales.
- Commercial Code - A published code designed to reduce the total
number of words required in a cablegram.
- Commercial Counterfeiting - This practice involves the manufacture
or sale of goods which defraud the purchaser by falsely implying
that the products are produced by a reputable manufacturer.
- Commercial Information Management System - CIMS is a PC-based
system used by International Trade Administration staff in export
counseling. CIMS is a trade-related application using National
Trade Data Bank CD-ROMs to disseminate market research and international
economics data to US&FCS domestic offices and overseas posts.
The system includes data on foreign traders and supports local
collection and update of information on business contacts.
- Commercial Invoice - The commercial invoice is a bill for the
goods from the seller to the buyer. These invoices are often used
by governments to determine the true value of goods for the assessment
of customs duties and are also used to prepare consular documentation.
Governments using the commercial invoice to control imports often
specify its form, content, number of copies, language to be used,
and other characteristics.
- Commercial Law Development Program - The CLDP helps Central
and Eastern Europe and the Baltic States develop a commercial
infrastructure consistent with free market principles. The program,
operated through the Commerce Department's International Trade
Administration, is part of the U.S. Government's efforts to assist
the region. CLPD is also compiling a Language Resources List of
U.S. commercial law experts with strong language capabilities.
- Commercial News USA - Commercial News USA, CNUSA, is an International
Trade Administration (ITA) fee-based magazine, published 10 times
per year. CNUSA provides exposure for U.S. products and services
through an illustrated catalog and electronic bulletin boards.
The catalog is distributed through U.S. Embassies and consulates
to business readers in 155 countries. Copies are provided to international
visitors at trade events around the world. The CNUSA program covers
more than 30 industry categories. To be eligible, products must
be at least 51 percent U.S. parts and 51 percent U.S. labor. The
service helps U.S. firms identify potential export markets and
make contacts leading to representation, distributorships, joint
venture or licensing agreements, or direct sales.
- Commercial Officers - Commercial officers are embassy officials
who assist U.S. business through arranging appointments with local
business and government officials, providing counsel on local
trade regulations, laws, and customs; identifying importers, buyers,
agents, distributors, and joint venture partners for U.S. firms;
and other business assistance. At larger posts, International
Trade Administration staff perform these functions. At smaller
posts, commercial interests are represented by State's economic
officers. See: Economic Officers Foreign Service.
- Commercial Risks - With respect to Eximbank guarantees, commercial
risks cover nonpayment for reasons other than specified political
risks. Examples are insolvency or protracted default. See: Political
Risks.
- Commercial Treaty - An agreement between two or more countries
setting forth the conditions under which business between the
countries may be transacted. May outline tariff privileges, terms
on which property may be owned, the manner in which claims may
be settled, etc.
- Commission Economique pour l'Europe - See: United Nations Regional
Commissions -- Economic Commission for Europe.
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